When many people mention the countries in the Middle East, their first reaction is to Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria and other troubled countries, but they do not think of Lebanon in the middle east.
Lebanon really has no sense of presence in the Middle East. In a region full of oil, who would remember a country with no resources and such an unimportant geographical location!
In the past, Lebanon was not so small and not so poor. It was once called the Switzerland of the East.
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Because the country’s name occupies two characters in the center of Paris, the capital city is also known as the Little Paris of the Middle East. So how did Lebanon turn itself into a “poor” country?
01 The root causes of poverty in Lebanon
In the past, Lebanon could be said to be very prosperous. Lebanon was like an oasis in the vast desert of the Middle East. Because it was very close to the Mediterranean Sea, it has always occupied an important position in shipping in the Mediterranean region.
In addition to shipping, Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, is also a very famous economic, trade and important transportation hub in the Middle East.
Because of the importance of its commercial location, Lebanon’s financial industry and tourism have always been thriving.
In its heyday, there were as many as 72 banks in such a small country as Lebanon, many of which were world-renowned banks. This shows how high its commercial value was.
After Lebanon developed, it openly shared and showed off. The capital, Beirut, quickly developed into a modern international metropolis. The architectural style in the city also combined Mediterranean and European styles. Even the architectural style of Dubai later was very grand. To a certain extent, Beirut follows suit.
But this kind of prosperity comes and goes quickly, like fireworks.
The factors that affect the development of a country are nothing more than internal and external aspects. The internal factors are nothing more than political instability or lack of resources, etc. The external factors are the impact of war or the threat of interference from other countries, etc.
Lebanon accounts for almost all of these major reasons for the country’s instability and backward economic development.
First of all, Lebanon has a very small land area, a scarce population, a lack of natural resources, and constant internal religious conflicts.
There are two neighbors around Lebanon, one is Syria and the other is Israel. Neither country is easy to mess with.
A series of problems within the country and its two neighbors have given Lebanon a headache, but other countries have also intervened in Lebanon, which makes the country even more difficult.
In 1975, the Syrian Civil War officially broke out, and neighboring Israel and Syria joined in, using Lebanon as their battlefield.
The war between these two countries also indirectly led to the involvement of the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and many Middle Eastern countries.
Israel and Syria both had their own ulterior motives in intervening in the Lebanese civil war. Syria was afraid of a religious dominance within Lebanon, so it openly led its troops into Lebanon and adopted a policy of suppressing the weak and supporting the strong.
The main reason why Israel intervened in the Lebanese civil war was to support the pro-government within the Lebanese country, thereby firmly holding the Lebanese political power in its own hands.
Religious conflicts in Lebanon have become more intense because of the ulterior motives of Israel and Syria in sending troops to stir things up.
The United States and the Soviet Union were in a period of bipolar hegemony. Faced with the war in the Middle East, both countries were bound to choose to intervene in order to further expand their influence in the Middle East and even the world.
However, the two countries could not openly take action to cause a direct confrontation between the two major powers, so they both tacitly adopted a secret support strategy. The United States silently stood on the side of Israel, while the Soviet Union stood on the side of Syria.
In this way, various countries actively intervened in Lebanon’s internal affairs with their own different purposes, making the Lebanese Civil War more and more complicated from the simple religious conflict at the beginning.
The successive intervention of the United States, the Soviet Union, Syria, and Israel has turned the original internal religious war into an international one, turning it into a wrestling field between Syria, Israel, and the United States and the Soviet Union. This has also indirectly led to the long-term conflict in Lebanon. Political instability.
02 Is Lebanon really “poor”?
Lebanon is a country with a very small land area, abundant oil resources, very scarce natural resources, and a very weak industrial base. It basically has some basic processing industries such as furniture and textiles. It is no wonder that it has no sense of presence in the Middle East.
However, even though Lebanon’s own conditions are so poor, Lebanon is not as poor as everyone thinks.
Lebanon’s per capita GDP in 2019 reached US$7,784.32, ranking 95th in the world, which is considered upper-middle class. The reason why Lebanon can achieve such economic achievements is mainly due to its tertiary industry.
Lebanon’s biggest pillar industry is economy and trade. Because the country has very few resources, many people in the country have to go out to make a living. Based on this, Lebanese people have traveled to various countries around the world and are widely engaged in business activities around the world.
The Prime Minister of Lebanon once said this: Don’t look at the fact that our country does not produce oil, but in those oil-rich countries in the Middle East, their oil industry managers are basically Lebanese.
The Lebanese have used their actions to vividly demonstrate what it means that God has a perfect path and that their destiny is in their own hands.
Lebanon’s second pillar industry is the financial industry. Beirut, the capital, is the national financial center. Although Lebanon has a small land area and very few resources.
But the geographical location is still very important. It can be said that it is a cultural gathering place where many talents gather, and it is a good place to develop the financial industry.
The reason why Lebanon’s financial industry is able to develop so prosperously is mainly due to the following reasons.
First of all, Lebanon has a relatively loose investment policy.
Secondly, Lebanon has a rich talent pool and a stable financial investment environment. These are Lebanon’s significant advantages in attracting foreign investors.
Lebanon’s tourism industry has always been the most favored industry by foreign investors. However, due to the impact of the epidemic in recent years, the tourism industry has been severely hit, and Lebanon has also suffered a severe economic crisis.
Another well-known industry in Lebanon is tourism. The biggest advantage of developing tourism in Lebanon is its unique natural and cultural landscape, which also breeds different humanistic feelings. It is a unique existence in the Arab region of the Middle East.
As we all know, most countries in the Middle East are basically covered by deserts, but Lebanon is an exception. There is no dry desert, and the tree vegetation coverage rate is relatively high, providing the entire country with abundant fresh air and a beautiful natural environment.
Moreover, Lebanon is relatively close to the Mediterranean Sea. There are both mountains and plains in the country, and the terrain presents a diverse landscape.
Lebanon has a typical Mediterranean climate, and the biggest feature of the Mediterranean climate is that it is not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter, so it is an excellent choice for many people to escape the summer and retire.
Another attraction for tourists in Lebanon is that it has many springs and waterfalls that can be used to treat various diseases. Some can treat stomach diseases and some can treat liver diseases. They are very magical.
Lebanon also has some very important health resorts in the Arab region, such as Shatura Sanatorium, Bahamoutun Sanatorium, etc.
In addition to these natural landscapes and naturally comfortable temperature environment, Lebanon also has many historical places of interest.
The city of Junia has a giant statue of the Virgin Mary weighing 15 tons and 20 meters high. Because of this statue, the city of Junia has become a world-famous scenic spot.
The city of Baalbek in Lebanon is a very representative ancient building and a must-see for many travel enthusiasts.
Tourism is the third pillar industry in Lebanon, and Lebanese people naturally know the importance of tourism. Therefore, you can get a very good travel experience when traveling in Lebanon.
The tourism service personnel here are not only proficient in various foreign languages, but also have very high cultural literacy. They are friendly and courteous to tourists, and always aim to satisfy guests’ preferences. Their high service standards are also a very competitive factor in the Lebanese tourism industry. .
Although Lebanon is not a very poor country, its overall economic development is not optimistic. The total GDP output value in 2020 was 33.383 billion, ranking 100th in the world. Because the domestic population is small, only about 6.1 million, so On average, GDP per capita is US$4,891.
However, the social gap between the rich and the poor in Lebanon is very large, and less than 30% of the people are poor.
Lebanon’s main pillar industries are commerce, finance and tourism. Compared with some other developed countries, the industrial structure is still too single and there are no strong economic and industrial pillars.
Furthermore, Lebanon implements a free and open market economy, so the private economy dominates the country.
However, due to prominent domestic social conflicts and the emergence of uncertainties in the international community, domestic economic development has been greatly restricted and will face many challenges.
03 A political and economic crisis caused by an explosion
Affected by the epidemic, Lebanon’s economic development has already regressed in 2020, but misfortunes never come singly. A huge explosion on August 4 of the same year once again plunged the country into dire straits.
On August 4, 2020, a huge explosion occurred in an important port in the capital, Beirut. Many nearby houses and building facilities were damaged to varying degrees. The port was directly flattened, and even the port 6 kilometers away from the port was flattened. The airport was damaged.
The cause of the explosion was serious negligence in warehouse management. In addition to large tonnage of ammonium nitrate, there were also a large number of fireworks and firecrackers stored in the warehouse.
After the explosion, the President of Lebanon went to the explosion site to investigate the situation. On the day after the explosion, Lebanon took the initiative to seek rescue help from the international community.
On August 6, our country’s medical team rushed to Lebanon with medicines to prepare for rescue. On August 9, our country also provided $1 million in cash assistance to Lebanon, hoping to help those suffering as much as possible. .
The impact of this explosion on Lebanon can be said to be considerable. A nearby granary was blown up, and the food inventory was in crisis.
The most important thing is that Beirut Port occupies a very important hub position. Basically all domestic material transportation must pass through this port. Now that the port has been bombed, the country will inevitably face the problem of rising prices.
All of this has kept the entire country of Lebanon stuck, unable to achieve breakthrough development, thus making the entire country “poor”.
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黎巴嫩是如何把自己变成一个“穷”得叮当响的国家的？
很多人提到中东国家基本上第一反应都是伊朗，伊拉克，阿富汗，叙利亚这些风云国家，可是却不会想到夹缝当中的黎巴嫩。
黎巴嫩在中东地区确实很没有存在感，在那个石油遍地的地区，谁还会记得一个没有资源而且地理位置如此不重要的国家呢！
以前的黎巴嫩其实并没有这么的渺小，也没有那么贫穷，它曾经还被称为是东方瑞士。
因为国家名字占据了巴黎中心的两个字，所以首都城市也被称为中东小巴黎。那么黎巴嫩是如何把自己变成一个“穷”的响叮当的国家呢？
01 黎巴嫩贫穷的根本原因
曾经的黎巴嫩可以说是盛极一时，黎巴嫩就像中东地区茫茫沙漠里的一片绿洲，因为距离地中海非常的近，所以一直占据着地中海地区航运的重要位置。
除了航运以外，黎巴嫩的首都贝鲁特还是中东地区非常著名的经济商贸以及交通的重要枢纽地。
因为商业位置的重要性，黎巴嫩的金融业，旅游业一直以来都发展得欣欣向荣。
在鼎盛时期，黎巴嫩如此小的一个国家当中竟然有多达72家银行，很多还是世界知名的银行，由此见得其商业价值是多么的高。
黎巴嫩在得到发展以后也毫不遮掩地分享炫耀，首都贝鲁特很快就发展成了一个现代化国际大都市，城市内的建筑风格也结合了地中海和欧式两种，就连后来迪拜的建筑风格很大程度上都是效仿的贝鲁特。
可是这种繁华来得快去得也快，如烟火般转瞬即逝。
影响一个国家发展的因素无非分为内在和外在两个方面，而内在无外乎是政权不稳，或者是资源不足等，外在就是受战争影响或是有其他国家干涉威胁等等。
而这些致使国家动荡不安，经济发展落后的几大原因，黎巴嫩几乎都占了。
首先，黎巴嫩的国土面积非常小，人口也很稀缺，自然资源匮乏，内部各种宗教冲突不断。
黎巴嫩周围的两个邻居，一个是叙利亚，一个是以色列，两个国家都不是好惹的主。
国家内部所存在的一系列问题和周围这两个邻居已经让黎巴嫩头疼不已，可偏偏别的国家也要插手干预黎巴嫩，这让这个国家变得更加举步维艰。
1975年，叙利亚内战正式爆发，周边的以色列和叙利亚纷纷加入，把黎巴嫩当成了他们角逐的战场。
而这两个国家之间的战争也间接带动了美国，苏联，英国，法国以及众多中东国家都卷入于此。
以色列和叙利亚之所以插手黎巴嫩内战都有着各自不可告人的目的，叙利亚害怕黎巴嫩内部出现一派宗教独大的情况，于是公然带领部队进入黎巴嫩，采取抑弱扶强政策。
以色列之所以干预黎巴嫩内战，主要是想在黎巴嫩国家内部扶持亲政府，从而把黎巴嫩政权牢牢握在自己手里。
因为以色列和叙利亚各怀鬼胎的出兵搅和，让黎巴嫩的宗教矛盾变得更加激烈。
美国和苏联当时正处于两极争霸时期，面对中东地区的战乱，两个国家为了进一步扩大自己在中东乃至全世界的影响力，都势必会选择出手干预。
但是两个国家又不能公然出手引起两大国之间的直接对抗，所以都心照不宣地采取了暗中支持策略，美国默默站在了以色列那一边，而苏联则站在了叙利亚一边。
就这样，各个国家怀着各自不同的目的积极插手干预黎巴嫩内政，让黎巴嫩内战从最开始的简单的宗教冲突变得越来越复杂。
美国，苏联，叙利亚，以色列这些国家的相继介入，让原本的内部宗教战争开始趋向国际化发展，变成了叙利亚，以色列以及美苏两大国之间的角力场，也间接导致了黎巴嫩长期以来的政局动荡。
02 黎巴嫩真的“穷”吗？
黎巴嫩作为一个国土面积非常狭小，石油资源非常，自然资源很匮乏，工业基础也非常薄弱，基本上都是一些家具纺织类的基础加工业的国家，也难怪在中东地区没有存在感。
但是，即便黎巴嫩的自身条件如此的差，黎巴嫩却并没有大家想象得那么穷。
黎巴嫩2019年的人均GDP达到了7784.32美元，世界排名第95位，算是中上等了。而黎巴嫩之所以可以取得这样的经济成就，主要得益于它的第三产业。
黎巴嫩的最大支柱产业是经贸，因为国家资源很少，所以国内很多人不得不外出谋生，基于此，黎巴嫩的人去到了世界各个国家，在世界范围内广泛从事商贸活动。
黎巴嫩的总理曾经说过这样一句话：不要看我们国家不产石油，但是在那些中东盛产石油的国家里，它们的石油产业经理人基本上都是黎巴嫩人。
黎巴嫩人用自己的行动生动展示了什么叫天无绝人之路，命运掌握在自己手里。
黎巴嫩的第二大支柱产业是金融业，首都贝鲁特是国家金融中心，虽然黎巴嫩国土面积很小，资源很匮乏。
但是地理位置还是很重要的，可以说是群英荟萃的人文聚集所，是发展金融业的一个好地方。
黎巴嫩的金融业之所以能够发展得如此红红火火，主要得益于以下几点原因。
首先，黎巴嫩有着较为宽松的投资政策，
其次就是黎巴嫩有着丰厚的人才储备和稳定的金融投资环境，这些都是黎巴嫩吸引外国投资者的显著优势。
黎巴嫩的旅游业一直以来都是外国投资者最为青睐的行业，可是近几年因为疫情的影响，旅游业遭受到了严重打击，黎巴嫩也因此遭遇了严重的经济危机。
黎巴嫩还有一个比较著名的产业就是旅游业，而黎巴嫩发展旅游业的最大优势就在于有着独特的自然人文景观，也孕育着不一样的人文情怀，在中东阿拉伯地区是一个独一无二的存在。
众所周知，中东地区绝大多数国家基本上都被沙漠覆盖，可黎巴嫩却是一个例外，没有干枯的沙漠，树木植被覆盖率还比较高，为整个国家提供了丰富的新鲜空气和优美的自然环境。
而且黎巴嫩距离地中海比较近，国内既有山地也有平原，地形呈现多样化的景观。
黎巴嫩是典型的地中海气候，而地中海气候最大的特点就是夏天不太热，冬天也不太冷，所以是很多人避暑养老的一个绝佳选择。
黎巴嫩另外一个吸引游客的点就是它有着很多可以用来治疗各种疾病的泉源和瀑布，有的可以治疗胃病，有的可以治疗肝病，非常的神奇。
黎巴嫩还有着一些阿拉伯地区非常重要的疗养地，比如沙突拉疗养院、巴哈茂敦疗养院、等等。
除了这些自然景观和天然舒适的温度环境以外，黎巴嫩还有着很多历史名胜古迹。
朱尼亚市有一个重15吨，高20米的巨型圣母玛利亚雕像，朱尼亚市也因为这个雕像而成为世界著名的一个风景名胜区。
黎巴嫩的巴勒贝克城是一个非常具有代表性的古代建筑，是众多旅游爱好者的必备打卡地。
旅游业作为黎巴嫩的第三大支柱产业，黎巴嫩人自然知道旅游业的重要性。所以，在黎巴嫩旅游你可以得到非常好的旅游体验。
这里的旅游服务人士不仅精通各门外语，而且有着非常高的文化素养，他们对待游客友好谦和，永远以满足客人喜好为目标，他们超高的服务水准也是黎巴嫩旅游业一个非常具有竞争力的因素。
黎巴嫩虽然算不上一个非常贫穷的国家，但是它的整体经济发展情况也并不容乐观，2020年GDP总产值为333.83亿，世界排名第100位，因为国内人口较小，只有610万左右，所以平均下来人均GDP也有4891美元。
但是，黎巴嫩的社会贫富差距非常大，有将近三成以下的人都属于贫困人口。
黎巴嫩的主要支柱产业就是商贸，金融和旅游，相比一些其他发达国家来说，产业结构还是过于单一，没有什么过硬的经济产业支柱。
再者就是黎巴嫩实行自由开放的市场经济，因此私营经济在国内占据主导地位。
但是因为国内社会矛盾突出，加上国际社会上不确定因素层生，这使得国内的经济发展受到很大限制，也将会面临诸多的挑战。
03 一场爆炸引发的政治经济危机
受疫情因素影响，黎巴嫩的经济发展在2020年本来就有所退步，但是祸不单行，同年8月4日的一场巨大爆炸再次让黎巴嫩全国陷入到了水深火热当中。
2020年8月4日位于首都贝鲁特的一个重要港口发生了巨大爆炸，附近的很多房屋，建筑设施均受到了不同程度的损害，港口直接被夷成了平地，就连在距离港口6公里以外的机场都受到了损害。
爆炸发生的原因是因为仓库管理存在严重疏忽，仓库里除了存放了大吨位的硝酸铵以外，还有大量的烟花爆竹。
爆炸发生以后，黎巴嫩的总统亲赴爆炸现场勘查情况，在爆炸发生后的第二天，黎巴嫩就主动向国际社会寻求救援帮助。
8月6日，我国的医疗分队就已经带着药品奔赴到了黎巴嫩准备对其进行救援，8月9日，我国还向黎巴嫩提供了100万美元的现汇援助，希望可以尽可能帮到那些受难群众。
这次爆炸对于黎巴嫩造成的影响可以说是不小，周围的一个粮仓被炸毁，粮食库存出现危机。
最重要的是，贝鲁特港口占据着非常重要的枢纽位置，国内基本上所有的物资输送都要经过这个港口，如今港口被炸毁，国内将会不可避免的面临物价上涨问题。
这一切都让黎巴嫩整个国家一直在原地踏步，无法取得突破性发展，从而致使整个国家“穷”的响叮当。